Nzira yekugadzira hydrogen peroxide
Nzira yekugadzira hydrogen peroxide
Iyo kemikari formula yehydrogen peroxide iH2O2, inowanzozivikanwa sehydrogen peroxide. Chitarisiko imvura inopenya isina ruvara, iine oxidant yakasimba, mhinduro yayo ine aqueous inokodzera kuuraya hutachiona hwemaronda ekurapa uye disinfection yezvakatipoteredza uye disinfection yechikafu. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, inoora kuita mvura neokisijeni, asi mwero wekuora unononoka zvakanyanya, uye kumhanya kwekuita kunokwidziridzwa nekuwedzera catalyst - manganese dioxide kana pfupi-wave radiation.
Zvinhu zvemuviri
Mushonga wemvura imvura inoonekera isina ruvara, inonyungudika mumvura, doro, ether, uye isinganyunguriki mubenzene nepetroleum ether.
Yakachena hydrogen peroxide ichiedza chebhuruu viscous liquid ine nzvimbo yakanyunguduka ye -0.43 ° C uye nzvimbo yekubikira ye 150.2 ° C. Iyo yakachena hydrogen peroxide ichashandura magadzirirwo ayo emakemikari, saka nzvimbo yekunyunguduka ichachinjawo. Density yakasimba panzvimbo yechando yaive 1.71 g/, uye density yakadzikira sezvo tembiricha yakawedzera. Iyo ine dhigirii yakakura yekubatana kupfuura H2O, saka iyo dielectric inogara uye yekubikira nzvimbo yakakwirira kupfuura mvura. Yakachena hydrogen peroxide inenge yakagadzikana, uye yakasvibiswa nechisimba mumvura uye oksijeni kana inopisa kusvika 153 ° C. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti hapana intermolecular hydrogen bond mu hydrogen peroxide.
Hydrogen peroxide ine yakasimba oxidation mhedzisiro pane organic zvinhu uye inowanzo shandiswa seanoxidizing agent.
Chemical properties
1. Oxidative
(Lead chena mumafuta pendi [basic lead carbonate] ichaita nehydrogen sulfide mumhepo kuita black lead sulfide, inogona kugezwa nehydrogen peroxide)
(inoda alkaline medium)
2. Kuderedza
3. Mu 10 ml ye10% mhinduro yemuenzaniso, wedzera 5 ml ye dilute sulfuric acid test solution (TS-241) uye 1 ml ye potassium permanganate test solution (TS-193).
Panofanira kuva nemabhuru uye ruvara rwe potassium permanganate runopera. Iine acidic kune litmus. Kana iri organic matter, inoputika.
4. Tora 1 g yemuenzaniso (yakarurama kusvika ku 0.1 mg) uye shandura ku 250.0 ml nemvura. 25 ml yemhinduro iyi yakatorwa, uye 10 ml ye dilute sulfuric acid test solution (TS-241) yakawedzerwa, ichiteverwa netitration ne 0.1 mol/L potassium permanganate. 0.1 mol/L pa ml. Potassium permanganate inoenderana ne1.70 mg yehydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2).
5. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ehupenyu, kupisa, kusunungurwa kweokisijeni nemvura, kana chromic acid, potassium permanganate, metal powder yakaita zvechisimba. Kuti udzivise kuora, chiyero chekudzikamisa senge sodium stannate, sodium pyrophosphate kana zvimwe zvakadaro zvinogona kuwedzerwa.
6. Hydrogen peroxide iasidhi isina simba zvikuru: H2O2 = (inodzorerwa) = H ++HO2-(Ka = 2.4 x 10-12). Nokudaro, peroxide yesimbi inogona kuonekwa semunyu wayo.
Chinangwa chikuru
Kushandiswa kwehydrogen peroxide kwakakamurwa kuita zvekurapa, zvechiuto uye zvemaindasitiri. Zuva nezuva disinfection ndeyekurapa hydrogen peroxide. Iyo yekurapa hydrogen peroxide inogona kuuraya intestinal pathogenic bacteria, pyogenic cocci, uye pathogenic yeast, ayo anowanzo shandiswa kuuraya utachiona hwezvinhu. Hydrogen peroxide ine oxidation mhedzisiro, asi kuwanda kwekurapa hydrogen peroxide kwakaenzana kana kuderera kupfuura 3%. Kana ichinge yapusika kune ronda repamusoro, ichapisa, iyo nzvimbo ichave yakasvibiswa kuita chena uye bubble, uye inogona kushambidzwa nemvura. Mushure memaminitsi 3-5 Dzosera ganda rekutanga.
Indasitiri yemakemikari inoshandiswa seyakagadziriswa kugadzira sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, peracetic acid, sodium chlorite, thiourea peroxide, nezvimwewo, oxidizing agents se tartaric acid nemavhitamini. Indasitiri yemishonga inoshandiswa semushonga, mushonga wekuuraya utachiona, uye oxidant pakugadzira thiram uye 40 malita emishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Indasitiri yekudhinda uye yekudhaya inoshandiswa semugadziri we bleaching wemachira edonje uye sechinhu chinoisa mavara pakudhaya dhayi. Kubviswa kwesimbi uye mamwe simbi inorema kana ichishandiswa mukugadzirwa kwesimbi yemunyu kana mamwe macompound. Inoshandiswawo mumagetsi ekugezera ekugezera kubvisa inorganic tsvina uye kuvandudza kunaka kwezvikamu zvakapfava. Inoshandiswawo pakuchenesa mvere, sirika mbishi, nyanga dzenzou, pulp, mafuta, etc. High concentrations yehydrogen peroxide inogona kushandiswa sehuni ye rocket power.
Kushandiswa kwehurumende: kubata nekunhuhwirira kwetsvina yekicheni, kune pharmacy kutenga hydrogen peroxide pamwe nemvura pamwe nekugezesa poda mugedhi inogona kusvibiswa, kuuraya utachiona, sterilized;
3% yehydrogen peroxide (giredhi rekurapa) yekuuraya utachiona hweronda.
Mutemo weindasitiri
Alkaline hydrogen peroxide yekugadzira nzira: krypton-ine air electrode yekugadzira alkaline hydrogen peroxide, inoratidzwa pakuti peya yega yega electrode inoumbwa neanode plate, mesh yepurasitiki, cation membrane uye helium-ine mweya cathode, kumusoro. uye migumo yakaderera ye electrode kushanda nzvimbo. Kune kamuri yekugovera yekupinda mumvura uye mukamuri yekuunganidzira yekuburitsa mvura, uye orifice yakarongerwa pane inoyerera yemvura, uye iyo yakawanda-chikamu electrode inotora yakaganhurwa dipole series yekubatanidza nzira yekurebesa kupfava kwepurasitiki yeanode inotenderera. alkali mvura yekupinza uye yekubuda. Mushure mekunge chubhu yabatanidzwa kune mvura inounganidza yakawanda, iyo yakawanda-chikamu che electrode boka inounganidzwa ne unit plate.
Phosphoric acid neutralization nzira: inoratidzwa mukuti inogadzirwa kubva kune aqueous sodium peroxide mhinduro nematanho anotevera:
(1) Mushonga wemvura wesodium peroxide unogadziriswa kusvika pH ye9.0 kusvika 9.7 ine phosphoric acid kana sodium dihydrogen phosphate NaH2PO4 kuti iite mhinduro ine mvura yeNa2HPO4 neH2O2.
(2) Mushonga wemvura weNa2HPO4 uye H2O2 wakanyoroveswa kusvika +5 kusvika -5 °C kuitira kuti yakawanda yeNa2HPO4 yakasvibiswa seNa2HPO4•10H2O hydrate.
(3) Musanganiswa une Na2HPO4 • 10H 2 O hydrate uye aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution yakakamurwa mu centrifugal separator kuti iparadzanise Na 2HPO 4 • 10H 2 O makristasi kubva kudiki shoma reNa 2 HPO 4 uye aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution.
(4) Mushonga wemvura une kashoma keNa2HPO4 uye hydrogen peroxide wakaputswa mumhepo inopfungaira kuti uwane mhute ine H2O2 neH2O, uye munyu wakaiswa munyu weNa2HPO4 une hydrogen peroxide wakabuditswa kubva pasi ndokudzokera kune neutralization tank. .
(5) Chipfunga chine H2O2 neH2O chinoiswa pasi pechikamu chedistillation pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakaderedzwa kuwana 30% H2O2 chigadzirwa.
Electrolytic sulfuric acid nzira: electrolyzed 60% sulfuric asidhi kuwana peroxodisulfuric asidhi, uye ipapo hydrolyzed kuwana kuungana 95% hydrogen peroxide.
2-Ethyl oxime nzira: Nzira huru yekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri chiyero ndeye 2-ethyl oxime (EAQ) nzira. 2-ethyl hydrazine pane imwe tembiricha.
Simba rinosangana nehaidhirojeni pasi pechiito checatalyst kuumba 2-ethylhydroquinone, uye 2-ethylhydroquinone inogadzira okisijeni ine okisijeni pane imwe tembiricha uye kudzvanywa.
Reduction reaction, 2-ethylhydroquinone yakaderedzwa kuita 2-ethyl hydrazine uye hydrogen peroxide inoumbwa. Mushure mekudzurwa, mushonga wehydrogen peroxide unowanikwa, wozocheneswa neheavy aromatic hydrocarbon kuti uwane mushonga wehydrogen peroxide unozivikanwa, unozivikanwa sehydrogen peroxide. Yakawanda yeiyi nzira inoshandiswa kugadzirira 27.5% yehydrogen peroxide, uye yakakwira yeaqueous hydrogen peroxide mhinduro (yakadai se35%, 50% hydrogen peroxide) inogona kuwanikwa ne distillation.
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