Musi waChikunguru 11, Musangano weSino US Exchange weMafuta Ekutakura Akachena uye Kudzivirira Kusvibiswa Kwemhepo wakaitwa muBeijing. Pamusangano uyu, nyanzvi dzakakodzera kubva kuUS biofuel indasitiri uye Chinese nyanzvi dzekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza vakagovana zvavakasangana nazvo pamisoro yakadai sekudzivirira uye kutonga kusvibiswa kwemhepo, uye ruzivo rweUS ethanol peturu yekusimudzira.
Chai Fahe, aimbova mutevedzeri wemutungamiri weChinese Academy of Environmental Sciences, akati mumakore achangopfuura, nzvimbo zhinji muChina dzagara dzichisangana nekusvibiswa kwemhute. Mudunhu, Beijing Tianjin Hebei dunhu richiri dunhu rine yakanyanya kusvibiswa kwemhepo.
Liu Yongchun, mumwe muongorori weEcological Environment Research Center yeChinese Academy of Sciences, akati mukuongorora zvikonzero zvekusvibiswa kwemhepo muChina, zvakaonekwa kuti zviratidzo zvezvinosvibisa munhu zvaive nyore kusvika pachiyero. asi zviratidzo zvechinhu chakaoma kudzora. Zvikonzero zvakazara zvaive zvakaoma, uye zvimedu zvakaumbwa neshanduko yechipiri yezvakasiyana zvinosvibisa zvakaita basa guru mukuumbwa kwemhute.
Parizvino, kubuda kwemotokari kwave kwakakosha kukonzeresa zvinosvibisa mweya wedunhu, kusanganisira kabhoni monoxide, mahydrocarbon uye nitrogen oxides, PM (particulate matter, soot) nemamwe magasi anokuvadza. Kuburitswa kwezvinosvibisa kunoenderana zvakanyanya nemhando yemafuta.
Mumakore ekuma1950, zviitiko zve "photochemical smog" muLos Angeles nedzimwe nzvimbo muUnited States zvakakonzera kuziviswa kweUnited States Federal Clean Air Act. Panguva imwecheteyo, United States yakaronga kusimudzira ethanol peturu. Iyo Yakachena Mhepo Act yakava chiitiko chekutanga kusimudzira ethanol peturu muUnited States, ichipa hwaro hwepamutemo hwekuvandudzwa kwebiofuel ethanol. Muna 1979, United States yakagadzira "Ethanol Development Plan" yehurumende yehurumende, uye yakatanga kukurudzira kushandiswa kwemafuta akasanganiswa ane 10% ethanol.
Biofuel ethanol yakanakisa isiri-chepfu octane nhamba inovandudza uye oxygenator inowedzerwa peturu. Kana ichienzaniswa nepeturu yakajairika, E10 ethanol peturu (peturu ine 10% biofuel ethanol) inogona kuderedza PM2.5 neinopfuura makumi mana muzana. Kuongorora kwezvakatipoteredza kunoitwa nebazi reNational Environmental Protection kumatunhu anosimudzirwa ethanol peturu kunoratidza kuti ethanol peturu inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kubuda kwecarbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, particulates nezvimwe zvinokuvadza mumotikari yemotokari.
Chirevo chekutsvagisa "Impact yeEthanol Gasoline paMhepo Hunhu" yakaburitswa paFifth National Ethanol Annual Conference yakaratidzawo kuti ethanol inogona kuderedza yekutanga PM2.5 mukupopota kwemotokari. Kuwedzera 10% peturu ethanol kune yakajairwa peturu yemotokari dzakajairwa kunogona kuderedza kuburitswa kwezvinhu ne36%, nepo kumotokari dzinobuda zvakanyanya, kunogona kuderedza kuburitswa kwezvinhu ne64.6%. Iwo organic komisheni mune yechipiri PM2.5 ane hukama zvakananga kune aromatics zvirimo mupeturu. Kushandiswa kwe ethanol kutsiva mamwe aromatics mupeturu kunogona kuderedza kuburitsa kwechipiri PM2.5.
Pamusoro pezvo, peturu ye ethanol inogona zvakare kudzikisa kusvibiswa kwehupfu senge madhipoziti mukamuri yekupisa yeinjini dzemotokari uye benzene, uye kuvandudza kushanda kwemotokari exhaust catalytic converters.
Kune biofuel ethanol, nyika yekunze zvakare yaityira kuti kushandiswa kwayo kwakakura kungave nekukanganisa mitengo yechikafu. Zvakadaro, VaJames Miller, avo vakambove mutevedzeri wemunyori webazi rezvemagetsi muAmerica uye vari sachigaro weAgricultural and Biofuel Policy Advisory Company, avo vakapinda mumusangano uyu, vanoti World Bank yakanyorawo bepa makore mashoma apfuura. Vati mitengo yechikafu inokanganiswa nemitengo yemafuta, kwete nemafuta. Nokudaro, kushandiswa kwebioethanol hakuzokanganisa zvakanyanya mutengo wezvokudya.
Parizvino, ethanol peturu inoshandiswa kuChina inoumbwa ne90% yakajairika peturu uye 10% peturu ethanol. China yave ichikurudzira mafuta ethanol kwemakore anopfuura gumi kubva muna 2002. Munguva iyi, China yakabvumira mabhizimisi manomwe ethanol kuti abudise mafuta ethanol, uye akaitisa mutyairi akavharwa kukurudzirwa kwekushanda mumatunhu gumi nerimwe, kusanganisira Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Anhui neShandong. Kubva muna 2016, China yakagadzira matani anosvika 21.7 miriyoni emafuta ethanol uye 25.51 miriyoni matani ecarbon dioxide yakaenzana.
Nhamba yemotokari muBeijing Tianjin Hebei nenzvimbo dzayo dzakapoteredza inenge mamiriyoni makumi matanhatu, asi Beijing Tianjin Hebei nharaunda haina kubatanidzwa mumutyairi wemafuta ethanol.
Wu Ye, mutevedzeri wepurezidhendi weSchool of Environment yeYunivhesiti yeTsinghua, akataura kuti kutaura zvakarurama, kushandiswa kwepetroli ye ethanol ine nzira inonzwisisika haina kutungamirira kukuwedzera kukuru kwekushandiswa kwemafuta uye kushandiswa kwesimba; Kune akasiyana peturu magadzirirwo, iyo inosvibisa inobuda yakasiyana, ichiwedzera uye ichiderera. Kusimudzirwa kweanorational ethanol peturu mudunhu reBeijing Tianjin Hebei kune yakanaka kuvandudza maitiro ekudzikisa PM2.5. Ethanol peturu ichiri kukwanisa kusangana neiyo yenyika 6 chiyero chemhando yepamusoro yekudzora mota modhi.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-26-2022